Five Gulf countries - Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE - used the Indian rupee as a legal tender until the late 1950s and early 1960s. But it became a problem for India. So the RBI introduced the Gulf Rupee, a special edition of the rupee that could be used only in those five countries and not India. But why is it not in circulation today?

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

A semiconductor is a small card or chip inside your phone, laptop, smartwatch, or other digital device. That small chip has a value chain that spans thousands of players across many countries. Semiconductors are also seen as a tool of geopolitical influence, therefore, many countries have been rushing to become part of the semiconductor value chain.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

The US extracts oil trapped in hardened shale rocks. The technology used in drilling through shale rocks and extracting oil is difficult and expensive. America's peak capitalism helped make it cheaper and made the US the world's largest oil producer.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

Petrol, diesel, natural gas, fertilizers, plastics, rubber, detergents, and fragrances all have origins in crude oil (hydrocarbon) extraction. Crude oil runs deep in our daily lives, so it is understandable that crude oil prices are a major influence on the inflation rate. This episode traverses the entire crude oil value chain and more.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

Unlike most companies that aim for maximum capacity utilization, Zara deliberately operates below full capacity and is even willing to ship half-empty trucks or containers. The less-than-optimal capacity utilization means that Zara cannot always offer the lowest prices, but they are competitive enough. Rivals can only scramble to match Zara's agility.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

LTCM had four co-founders - Myron Scholes and Robert Merton, who were famous for developing the Black-Scholes-Merton model of deriving option prices, and later also went on to win a Nobel Prize; David Mullins Jr., who served as the Vice Chairman of the US Fed from 1991 to 1994; and John Meriwether, who headed Salomon Brother's bond trading desk when it was caught in a bond auction scandal. After a few years of strong returns, LTCM quickly lost those returns and much more.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

Bradley Birkenfeld was an American banker working for UBS in Switzerland. He blew the whistle on how UBS enabled American clients to skirt the tax laws. The investigation that followed forced Switzerland to break its decades-old banking secrecy code to let UBS share client data with the US authorities.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.

Around the 1990s, Yasuo Hamanaka of Sumitomo Corporation came to control 5% of the world's copper. He used various unscrupulous means, such as fake trades, forged documents, and hoarding, to manipulate global copper prices. Then, a twist came with the resurgence of copper mining in China. Sumitomo lost USD 2.6 billion when the scam was uncovered in 1996.

Zerodha Varsity on Social Media:

Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/zerodhavarsity/

X: https://x.com/ZerodhaVarsity

YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@varsitybyzerodha

Disclaimer: The stocks or financial instruments discussed in this podcast are meant for educational purposes only. Please do not consider them recommendations or financial advice of any form.