Timeline of Main Events

• 1950-2016: Florida experiences an increase of approximately 25 extreme rain events annually.
• 1970-2020: Tide gauge observations are recorded to estimate sea-level rise rates for the eastern Gulf Coast.
• 1982-Present (implied up to Nov 2024): Storm tracks in the Atlantic basin are recorded in the International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship database.
• 1985-Present (implied up to Nov 2024): Marine heat wave data becomes available and is recorded.
• 1990s: Widespread marine heat waves spanning hundreds of miles begin to be recorded.
• 2006-2015: Florida experiences a decade without a single hurricane strike.
• 2017: Hurricane Harvey strengthens from a tropical depression into a Category 4 hurricane in two days before striking the Texas coast. This year also marks the beginning of an eight-year streak of major Gulf landfalls.
• 2017: Hurricane Irma hits the Gulf Coast with ferocious intensity.
• 2022: Hurricane Ian's wind speeds nearly double in roughly 22 hours before the storm makes landfall in Southwest Florida as a Category 4 hurricane, becoming the costliest hurricane in state history.
• 2023: Hurricane Idalia ravages the Big Bend area of Florida with a 10-foot storm surge.
• 2023: A severe coral bleaching event occurs in Florida, leading to significant coral mortality and prompting NOAA to extend their severity scale.
• 2023: Daily average sea temperatures at Buoy Key, Florida, reach their highest May levels in documented history.
• 2024: Atypical heat continues in the Caribbean throughout the year.
• October 2024: Hurricane Milton strengthens from a tropical storm to a Category 5 hurricane in 24 hours as it crosses the Gulf of Mexico northwest of the Yucatan Peninsula.
• October 2024: Hurricane Milton's historic rain floods inland neighborhoods in Pinellas and Hillsborough counties, including Clearwater and parts of North Tampa, with up to 17 inches of rain in five hours. Stormwater pumps fail in some areas.
• May 2025: More than 4,000 daily record high temperature reports occur across the United States, more than double the number of record lows.
• Early May 2025: A deadly Mid-Atlantic atmospheric river occurs, fueled by increased moisture from the marine heat wave.
• May 24, 2025: Sea temperatures near Buoy Key, Florida, reach 98 degrees Fahrenheit.
• May 25, 2025 (last weekend before May 29): Ocean temperatures near 98 degrees are recorded by a buoy in Everglades National Park.
• May 26, 2025 (last Sunday before May 29): Houston sets a new overall monthly record low overnight temperature of 82 degrees.
• May 27, 2025 (last Monday before May 29): Fort Lauderdale, Florida, records a low of 82 degrees, a record for May.
• May 29, 2025: Golf ball-size hail pummel Austin, Texas.
• May 30, 2025 (Last Thursday before May 31): Tampa experiences an 80-degree low temperature, its hottest May morning on record (since 1890). Downpours are expected from Louisiana to Georgia.

CHECK IT OUT HERE…https://youtube.com/@wclivestream

1. Response to Funding Cuts and Policy Changes: The primary driver for the scientists' actions is the substantial cuts to federal agencies like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), NASA, and the Department of Energy, as well as the withholding of research funding to academia by the Trump administration. The CNN article explicitly states this effort is a "response to policy moves" and seen as a form of "resistance to the administration’s changes." The livestream website highlights that the community has been "thwarted in our mission of serving the public due to substantial cuts and firings."
2. "The Scientist-iest" Resistance: Rather than traditional forms of protest, scientists are engaging the public through a multi-day livestream of presentations about their work. Climate scientist Kate Marvel describes this approach as potentially "The scientist-iest thing we could do," emphasizing that it makes sense given their expertise. The goal is to demonstrate the value and impact of their research on the American public.
3. The Weather & Climate Livestream: This is the central initiative discussed in both sources. It is a 100-hour continuous livestream featuring climate and weather specialists giving 15-minute talks about their work.

• Timing: It runs from Wednesday, May 28th at 1 p.m. ET to Sunday, June 1st at 5:30 p.m. ET.
• Goal: To call attention to the impacts of the cuts and demonstrate how their science benefits the public. Marc Alessi of the Union of Concerned Scientists states, "If the American public tunes in, they watch our science talks, they will see how our science benefits the public."
• Format: Includes individual talks, panel discussions (including terminated NOAA employees and former National Weather Service directors), and AMAs (Ask Me Anything) with scientists. Notable participants mentioned include Kate Marvel, Paul Markowski, Ben Santer, Kerry Emanuel, and others.
• Content: The livestream will cover a wide range of topics, including agriculture and climate, hurricanes, ocean heat, the water cycle, air quality, drought, floods, measuring CO2, sea level rise, tornadoes, and more, linking them to federal agencies responsible for these areas (EPA, NOAA, NASA, USDA, UCAR SciEd, USGS).

Above-Normal Season Predicted:

• NOAA's official outlook predicts an above-normal hurricane season for the Atlantic Basin.
• NOAA states a "60% chance of an above-normal season, and a 30% chance of a near-normal season."
• Fox Weather notes that Colorado State University (CSU) also projected an above-average season in their April outlook, with specific numbers slightly higher than historical averages (17 named storms, 9 hurricanes, 4 major hurricanes).

1. NOAA's Specific Forecast Ranges:

• NOAA's annual outlook predicts a range of activity:
• 13 to 19 total named storms (winds of 39 mph or higher).
• 6 to 10 hurricanes (winds of 74 mph or higher).
• 3 to 5 major hurricanes (category 3, 4 or 5; with winds of 111 mph or higher).
• NOAA expresses "70% confidence in these ranges."
• This contrasts with CSU's approach of providing specific numbers, as mentioned by Fox Weather.

1. Comparison to Average Season:

• An average Atlantic season sees "14 named storms, seven hurricanes and three major hurricanes," according to Fox Weather.
• NOAA's predicted ranges for 2025 (13-19 named storms, 6-10 hurricanes, 3-5 major hurricanes) are generally at or above these average numbers.

1. Influencing Factors for the Outlook:

• ENSO-Neutral Conditions: Both sources emphasize the current ENSO-neutral phase (neither El Niño nor La Niña). Fox Weather notes that "ENSO-neutral years are notoriously difficult to predict," but NOAA states that "continued ENSO-neutral conditions" are a factor contributing to the expected above-normal season, alongside other elements.
• Warmer Than Average Ocean Temperatures: This is cited as a significant factor. NOAA explicitly states, "Above-average Atlantic Ocean temperatures set the stage." The NOAA press release notes "warmer than average ocean temperatures" and "high-heat content in the ocean" which "provides more energy to fuel storm development."
• Weaker Wind Shear: NOAA forecasts "weak wind shear," which "allow the storms to develop without disruption."
• West African Monsoon: NOAA mentions the "potential for higher activity from the West African Monsoon," which is "a primary starting point for Atlantic hurricanes" and can produce "tropical waves that seed some of the strongest and most long-lived Atlantic storms."
• Unusual Cooler Tropical Waters Compared to 2024 (Fox Weather): Fox Weather notes that tropical waters in the Main Development Region are "approximately 2 degrees Fahrenheit cooler than 2024 levels," although still "well above the long-term average." This introduces some uncertainty, though light trade winds could change this quickly.