Chemistry is complicated but it had to start somewhere. The origins of complex chemistry had to be built up from scratch. How did complex compounds form on early earth. How can we replicate the conditions of early earth and watch complex chemistry develop? Peering into chemical reactions is tricky because they can happen so fast. 

1. Zhong Yin, Yi-Ping Chang, Tadas Balčiūnas, Yashoj Shakya, Aleksa Djorović, Geoffrey Gaulier, Giuseppe Fazio, Robin Santra, Ludger Inhester, Jean-Pierre Wolf, Hans Jakob Wörner. Femtosecond proton transfer in urea solutions probed by X-ray spectroscopy. Nature, 2023; DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06182-6

The universe scaling work of the NANOGrav team stands on the shoulders of giants to understand giants lurking in our universe. Huge decade spanning scientific projects like NANOGrav are built of ideas and concepts which we can trace back to earlier pioneers. NANOGrav relies on Pulsars to map the universe but the discovery of them can be traced back to one key woman, Jocelyn Bell Burnell. This week we dive into the discovery of Pulsars and how they have been used to make a new way of looking at the universe. Finding a periodic signal in the noise can be helpful but a whole universe them of them can widen our understanding. 

Weather in space, can seem far away but it's dazzling effects come with some danger. Aurora localised entirely around a satellite can cause a steamy situation for communications. Analysing space weather can lead to better designed satellites capable of withstanding 1-100 year solar storms. It's a balancing act when protecting satellites from solar weather, too much and too little protection can lead to disaster. Meteor showers are beautiful but how do you get one without an icey comet? The only way to get an asteroid to make a lovely meteor shower unfortunately involves a violent collision or big explosion. 

1. Nigel P. Meredith, Thomas E. Cayton, Michael D. Cayton, Richard B. Horne. Extreme Relativistic Electron Fluxes in GPS Orbit: Analysis of NS41 BDD‐IIR Data. Space Weather, 2023; 21 (6) DOI: 10.1029/2023SW003436
2. W. Z. Cukier, J. R. Szalay. Formation, Structure, and Detectability of the Geminids Meteoroid Stream. The Planetary Science Journal, 2023; 4 (6): 109 DOI: 10.3847/PSJ/acd538
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