OTD:

In 1848, France enacted its first public health law, marking a major step forward in regulating urban health and sanitation.

In 1929, Jorge Luis Borges published his first book of poetry, "Fervor de Buenos Aires," beginning his influential literary career.

In 1934, Adolf Hitler consolidated power as Führer of Germany after a national referendum confirmed his total control over the state.

In 1942, the Dieppe Raid in World War II ended in disaster for Allied forces, but provided crucial lessons for future operations like D-Day.

In 1953, a CIA- and British-backed coup in Iran overthrew Prime Minister Mohammad Mossadegh, reinstating the Shah to power.

In 1980, a massive fire at Saudi Arabia's Al-Mishraq sulfur mine burned for nearly a month, causing severe environmental damage.

In 2008, Michael Phelps won his eighth gold medal at the Beijing Olympics, breaking the record for the most golds in a single Games.

In 2003, NASA's Galileo probe made its final flyby of Jupiter's moon Amalthea, concluding its mission with valuable data on Jupiter.

In 2021, a deadly explosion outside Kabul's Hamid Karzai International Airport during U.S. evacuation efforts killed over 180 people, highlighting the perilous end of the U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan.