検索キーワード： 哲学

René Descartes was a central figure in the scientific revolution of the 17th century. In his Discourse on Method he outlined the contrast between mathematics and experimental sciences, and the extent to which each one can achieve certainty. Drawing on his own work in geometry, optics, astronomy and physiology, Descartes developed the hypothetical method that characterizes modern science, and this soon came to replace the traditional techniques derived from Aristotle.

Dreux Richard presents post-Fukushima Japan in three illustrative parts. He follows members of Japan’s Nigerian community, whose struggles with a hostile immigration system lead to the death of a Nigerian immigrant in a Japanese detention center, investigated here for the first time. In Japan’s northernmost city, Richard goes door to door with the region’s youngest census employee, meeting the city’s elderly residents and documenting the stories that comprise the nation’s record-breaking population decline. Finally, he takes us into the offices of energy executives....

O simples fato de vivermos no século XXI já nos faz beneficiários da ciência e dos seus frutos, mesmo que a gente não se dê conta dessa verdade. Os objetos que nos dão conforto, que nos dão prazer, que nos transportam, que nos emocionam, que nos informam (até este audiolivro) só existem da forma como existem por conta dos conhecimentos científicos. O cidadão que ignora fatos científicos básicos pode se tornar presa fácil de curandeiros e charlatões, gente que mente para os outros e, não raro, para si mesma.

Le testimonianze raccolte in questo libro, curato da Franco Basaglia e sua moglie Franca Ongaro e pubblicato per la prima volta nel 1975, costituiscono una sorta di ricerca a più voci sul ruolo dell'intellettuale e del tecnico come custodi di istituzioni violente. Attraverso l'approfondimento della funzione che regge le diverse ideologie scientifiche (la psichiatria, la storiografia, la psicologia, la sociologia, la criminologia, la medicina), questi contributi vogliono risalire alla funzione dell'ideologia quale strumento di conservazione del nostro sistema sociale.

Most of us are familiar with probiotics added to milk or yogurt to improve gastrointestinal health. In this ambitious and original work, Jamie Lorimer offers a sweeping overview of diverse probiotic approaches and an insightful critique of their promise and limitations.

Las evidencias sobre el futuro se acumulan: para responder a la emergencia climática, debemos poner fin al uso de tecnologías y sistemas de producción obsoletos, dar paso a otras más eficientes y limpias, y rediseñar la economía. El problema es tecnológico. Las tecnologías que nos hicieron más sanos, ricos y longevos deben ser sustituidas necesariamente por otras, ya disponibles y centradas en la sostenibilidad.

What do people do when they count? What do numbers really mean? We all know that people can lie with statistics, but in this groundbreaking work, eminent political scientist Deborah Stone uncovers a much deeper problem. With help from Dr. Seuss and Cookie Monster, she explains why numbers can't be objective: in order to count, one must first decide what counts. Every number is the ending to a story built on cultural assumptions, social conventions, and personal judgments.

This collection brings together history, science, philosophy and comedy to explore our age-old search for meaning. We live in an age of self-improvement and self-examination - lifehacking, wellbeing, self-care, mindfulness retreats - but this seemingly very modern phenomenon is a pursuit that dates back for millennia.

Science may be known for banishing the demons of superstition from the modern world. Yet just as the demon-haunted world was being exorcized by the enlightening power of reason, a new kind of demon mischievously materialized in the scientific imagination itself. Scientists began to employ hypothetical beings to perform certain roles in thought experiments―experiments that can only be done in the imagination―and these impish assistants helped scientists achieve major breakthroughs that pushed forward the frontiers of science and technology.

Dip below the ocean’s surface and you are soon confronted by forms of life that could not seem more foreign to our own: sea sponges, soft corals, and serpulid worms, whose rooted bodies, intricate geometry, and flower-like appendages are more reminiscent of plant life or even architecture than anything recognizably animal. Yet these creatures are our cousins. As fellow members of the animal kingdom — the Metazoa— they can teach us much about the evolutionary origins of not only our bodies, but also our minds.

Este libro pinta un vívido retrato de un movimiento internacional impulsado por ideas y prácticas extrañas y frecuentemente inquietantes, pero cuya obsesión por trascender las limitaciones humanas puede verse como una especie de microcosmos cultural, una intensificación radical de nuestra fe más amplia en el poder de la tecnología como motor del progreso humano. Es un estudio de carácter de la excentricidad humana y una meditación sobre el deseo inmemorial de trascender los hechos básicos de nuestra existencia animal, un deseo tan primordial como las religiones más antiguas.

A paradigm-shifting work that revolutionizes our understanding of the origins and structure of science.

In Zero, science journalist Charles Seife follows this innocent-looking number from its birth as an Eastern philosophical concept to its struggle for acceptance in Europe, its rise and transcendence in the West, and its ever-present threat to modern physics.

Although Thomas Henry Huxley is most commonly known as Charles Darwin’s Bulldog (Pitbull, today?), the fact remains that he was one of the most insightful thinkers to ever write about the nature of science and its methods.

Thinkers everywhere are conscious of two things, first, that the region of mystery has never before been so clearly defined, and secondly, that that region can be entered more easily than has hitherto been the case; it may, therefore, perhaps be induced to render up some of its secrets if investigators of all schools pursue their search with determination.

On Not Dying is an anthropological, historical, and philosophical exploration of immortality as a secular and scientific category. Based on an ethnography of immortalist communities - those who believe humans can extend their personal existence indefinitely through technological means - and an examination of other institutions involved at the end of life, Abou Farman argues that secular immortalism is an important site to explore the tensions inherent in secularism.

Beneath the Night is a history of humanity, told through our relationship with the night sky. From prehistoric cave art and Ancient Egyptian zodiacs to the modern era of satellites and space exploration, Stuart Clark explores a fascination shared across the world and throughout millennia. It is one that has shaped our scientific understanding; helped us navigate the terrestrial world; provided inspiration for our poets, artists and philosophers; and it has given us a place to project our hopes and fears. In the stars, we can see our past - and ultimately, our fate.

The real nature of time is still a mystery, even after thousands of years of philosophers and scientists analyzing it and proposing theories about it. Prophecy has existed for most of humanity’s time on Earth, and there is a lot of reason to think that seeing the future does reveal some of what happens and is about to happen. I also wrote two books on this subject, including the history of prophecy and my own experiences.

Today's "machine-learning" systems, trained by data, are so effective that we've invited them to see and hear for us - and to make decisions on our behalf. But alarm bells are ringing. Systems cull résumés until, years later, we discover that they have inherent gender biases. Algorithms decide bail and parole - and appear to assess black and white defendants differently. We can no longer assume that our mortgage application, or even our medical tests, will be seen by human eyes. And autonomous vehicles on our streets can injure or kill.

Why is the world the way it is? How did we get here? Does everything happen for a reason, or are some things left to chance? Philosophers and theologians have pondered these questions for millennia, but startling scientific discoveries over the past half century are revealing that we live in a world driven by chance. A Series of Fortunate Events tells the story of the awesome power of chance and how it is the surprising source of all the beauty and diversity in the living world.