検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Reason is a powerful tool not only for finding our way in an increasingly complex world but also for growing intellectually and emotionally. This short, accessible volume unlocks the dynamics of human reason, helping listeners to think critically and to use reason confidently to solve problems. It enables listeners to think more clearly and precisely about the world, and it tackles a number of profound philosophical questions without getting bogged down with jargon. Topics include knowledge, identity, leadership, creativity, and empathy.

It is clearly explained: what it is for a statement to be necessarily true, why necessity, possibility, existence, and non-existence are properties of propositions (truths and falsehoods), not of objects or states of affairs, and more.

On June 22, 1936, the philosopher Moritz Schlick was on his way to deliver a lecture at the University of Vienna when Johann Nelböck, a deranged former student of Schlick's, shot him dead on the university steps. Some Austrian newspapers defended the madman, while Nelböck himself argued in court that his onetime teacher had promoted a treacherous Jewish philosophy. David Edmonds traces the rise and fall of the Vienna Circle - an influential group of brilliant thinkers led by Schlick.

Neste livro Schopenhauer apresenta 38 estratégias sobre a arte de vencer um oponente num debate, não importando os meios, utilizando a maior ferramenta que possuímos; a palavra. É possível recorrer a estes estratagemas, lícitos e ilícitos, para 'obter' razão, e defendê-la quando ela estiver do nosso lado ou conquistá-la quando estiver do lado do adversário. Com frieza classificatória, Schopenhauer indica 'os caminhos oblíquos e os truques de que se serve a natureza humana em geral para ocultar seus defeitos'.

Siamo nel 1919. La prima guerra mondiale è finita da poco. "Il dottor Benjamin fugge dalla casa di suo padre, il luogotenente Wittgenstein commette un suicidio finanziario, il libero docente Heidegger perde la fede e monsieur Cassirer lavora sul tram alla propria illuminazione." Comincia un decennio di eccezionale creatività, che cambierà per sempre il corso delle idee in Europa e senza il quale alcuni pensieri non sarebbero mai stati pensati.

Séneca nos habla del paso del tiempo, de cómo los humanos nos enfrentamos a él y a la muerte, y cómo es que la vida se nos muestra corta cuando no lo es. El autor estoico, enfatiza que nuestra vida sería más duradera si no dedicáramos tanto tiempo a asuntos vanos e inútiles y nos dedicamos a vivirla plenamente. Sobre la brevedad de la vida, nos expone el enfoque de los estoicos respecto al tiempo, cómo aprovecharlo y cómo asegurarnos que el uso correcto de este nos encamine a vivir una vida larga y enriquecedora.

Arthur no pretendía que esta obra fuera una guía para ganar peleas. Al igual que El Príncipe de Maquiavelo, se trata de una sátira, una guía sobre lo que hay que tener en cuenta en los demás y en uno mismo, no un manual de instrucciones. Si no puedes ganar tu argumento sobre bases justas, debes reconsiderar tu posición. Este libro te enseñará a detectarlas y a pincharlas antes de que se pongan en marcha.

This work sets forth a theory which is speculative in nature, there being no verifying experiments. It is based on the idea of the reversibility of everything in time; that is, that every type of process has its time image, a corresponding process which is its exact reverse with respect to time.

Die adjektivische Passiversatzform 'unverständlich' ist transformierbar in den Ausdruck 'kann nicht verstanden werden'. Das Modalverb 'können' hat typischerweise drei Funktionen: Kompetenz, Möglichkeit, Erlaubnis. An jeder schriftlichen Kommunikation sind (sehr einfach ausgedrückt) mindestens drei Momente beteiligt: ein Produzent, Zeichen, ein Rezipient. Wenn ein Zeichen, ein Wort, ein Satz, ein Text als 'unverständlich' bewertet wird, ist fragbar: Warum? "Die Fragmente von Friedrich Schlegel sind unverständlich." Mögliche Gründe: (1) Der Autor hat nicht die Kompetenz, sich verständlich mitzuteilen.

In five hours, Andy will take you through Hegel’s Logic, the book on philosophy which has been most influential amongst radicals and revolutionaries and all those who stray from the well trodden path of conventional, bourgeois thinking. The book begins with an explanation of social conditions in early 19th-century Germany and then, walks through the text of the Logic paragraph by paragraph. This reading stands out from all others in its clarity of explanation and in Andy's ability to make Hegel's Logic relevant to social and political problems of today.

Dialéctica erística: El arte de tener razón, es un pequeño tratado inconcluso escrito por el filósofo alemán Arthur Schopenhauer, basado principalmente en los Tópicos de Aristóteles. Fue publicado en 1864, póstumamente.

Are you sick and tired of not being taken seriously? Read on to discover the secret of convincing others through logical arguments. The discussion is getting heated, everybody has an opinion. You try to chime in and for a moment, your theory has everybody’s attention. Just like lightning, however, someone else hijacks the conversation and everybody forgets what you’ve just said.

Réalités scientifiques/métaphysiques des images illustrées (Hiéroglyphes) comme moyens ultimes pour la conscience humaine qui interprètent, traitent et conservent les significations de ces images. Ce livre traduit en français couvre le sujet du langage métaphysique des représentations/images des hiéroglyphes égyptiens- le langage de l’esprit/de l’intellect/du divin, les réalités scientifiques/métaphysiques des images pictographiques (hiéroglyphes) comme le moyen ultime pour la conscience humaine qui interprète, traite et garde les significations de telles images...

Ce livre traduit en français couvre le sujet du langage métaphysique des représentations/images des hiéroglyphes égyptiens- le langage de l’esprit/de l’intellect/du divin, les réalités scientifiques/métaphysiques des images pictographiques (hiéroglyphes) comme le moyen ultime pour la conscience humaine qui interprète, traite et garde les significations de telles images.

“A thinking mind is an active mind” they say. This book is meant for general consumption, specifically for children and teenagers between the ages of seven to 16. This book was inspired by you, yes you! And it aims at clarifying and making their minds ready for the outside world as they grow. It is an avenue for youths of these ages to put on their thinking caps and questioning spirits so they can know more about the world they live in. This book has many benefits, resources, and qualities to add to their lives, as well as impact to make in their daily lives.

In this guide, you will receive greater comprehension of what fallacies are and close your blind spot to the truth of things. Later, the author goes on to instruct you on inductive and deductive reasoning, which are two techniques that help people reach logical conclusions without going astray in their paths of thinking.

Many people don’t understand what critical thinking is. Moreover, not all the ones that do, apply it in their daily lives. Politics, the media, and so many other aspects of society show how small the number is of people who use their brains. Critical thinking means, among others, that you look at multiple sides of a controversial topic, that you can stay objective and put away your biases until you have reached a firm conclusion based on verifiable facts. This skill is highly valuable in job interviews, relationships, and everyday life.

The attributes of such a person are elaborately described in this book. Alongside with that, the book highlights the many benefits of critical thinking, an often-neglected brain skills society needs to improve on. However, most of the book is focused on relevant and irrelevant reasoning. So often, we attribute certain consequences to the wrong causes. We jump to conclusions based on limited information, emotions, or generalizations. This book will clear all that up by giving you new insights to determine what is relevant and what is not.

Are your arguments relevant or not? Can you find logic in words, or are the concepts behind them related to the expression? These and many other questions regarding critical thinking skills will be addressed in this comprehensive guide. The author looks at things from a different perspective and uses scientific methods to uncover the truth.

The majority of this book is based on the concept of fallacies. This idea is the notion that people often come up with the wrong reasoning, the wrong conclusions, and the wrong steps in their logic. Since they do this, they often argue about things that completely seem to contradict each other, but they don’t. Many people base their fallacies on emotions, past experiences, biased thoughts, or some other thing that gets in the way of pure, correct, infallible logic.