検索キーワード： 論理学・言語学

Tracing 25 centuries of human history, from the fourth century BC to the present day, Manguel dedicates each of his chapters to a single character - ranging from our best-known thinkers, scientists, and artists to seemingly minor figures of whom we know little more than one inspired utterance - in whom he identifies a particular way of asking the question "why?"

This classic work of political theory and practice offers an account of the modern Machiavellians, a remarkable group who have been influential in Europe and practically unknown in the United States. The book devotes a long section to Machiavelli himself as well as to such modern Machiavellians as Gaetano Mosca, Georges Sorel, Robert Michels and Vilfredo Pareto. Burnham contends that the writings of these men hold the key both to the truth about politics and to the preservation of political liberty.

As Douglas Adams points out, if there is no final answer to the question "what is the meaning of life?" 42 is as good or bad an answer as any other. Indeed, 42 quotes might be even better! Gary Cox guides us through 42 of the most misunderstood, misquoted, provocative, and significant quotes in the history of philosophy, providing witty and compelling commentary along the way.

A mind-expanding, deeply humane tour of language(s) - and those who speak, study and invent them - by the best-selling author of Born on a Blue Day and Thinking in Numbers. Is vocabulary destiny? Why do clocks 'talk' to the Nahua people of Mexico? Will AI researchers ever produce true human-machine dialogue? In this mesmerizing collection of essays, Daniel Tammet answers these and many other questions about the intricacy and profound power of language.

Learn how to survive life's hardships and enjoy its pleasures with the modern stoic mindset. In this enlightening audiobook, philosopher Massimo Pigliucci offers a thoughtful and modern reinterpretation of Epictetus' 53 lessons for living a good life. Drawing on the ancient wisdom of the Stoics, this is a comforting guide that will help you reclaim the power of your emotional response and let go of the things you can't control.

Irony and sarcasm are two of the most misused, misapplied, and misunderstood words in our conversational lexicon. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, psycholinguist Roger Kreuz offers an enlightening and concise overview of the life and times of these two terms, mapping their evolution from Greek philosophy and Roman rhetoric to modern literary criticism to emojis.

Quantum physics is notable for its brazen defiance of common sense. (Think of Schrödinger's Cat, famously both dead and alive.) An especially rigorous form of quantum contradiction occurs in experiments with entangled particles. Our common assumption is that objects have properties whether or not anyone is observing them, and the measurement of one can't affect the other. Quantum entanglement rejects this assumption, offering impeccable reasoning and irrefutable evidence of the opposite. Is quantum entanglement mystical, or just mystifying?

For all those sick of politicians and their slick spin, or bored of broadcasters who bombard and bully their hapless interviewees, Do They Think You’re Stupid? has the answers. Written by the author of the best-selling The Pig That Wants to Be Eaten, these short, stimulating capsules of philosophy cut through the woolliest of rhetoric to identify the faulty reasoning and argumentative strategies that are used around us every day.

Another rapid-fire selection of short, stimulating and entertaining capsules of philosophy from the master of the genre. This time Baggini applies his philosophical scalpel to famous sayings, proverbs and pieces of homespun wisdom. Should you really do as the Romans do when in Rome and practice what you preach? Is the grass always in fact greener on the other side of the fence, and is there ever smoke without fire? Is beauty always in the eye of the beholder and is it actually better to be safe than sorry?

Who is a roadman really? What's wrong with calling someone a 'lighty'? Why do people think black guys are cool? These are just some of the questions being wrestled with in Black, Listed, an exploration of 21st-century black Identity told through a list of insults, insights and everything in between. Taking a panoramic look at global black history, interrogating both contemporary and historical culture, Black, Listed investigates the ways in which black communities (and individuals) have been represented, oppressed, mimicked, celebrated and othered.

The Bible is the central book in Western culture, yet extraordinarily there is no proper history of it. This exceptional work, by one of the world's leading Biblical scholars, provides a full account of how the different parts of the Bible came to be written; how some writings which were regarded as holy became canonical and were included in the Bible, and others were not; what the relationship is of the different parts of the Bible to each other; and how, once it became a stable text, the Bible has been disseminated and interpreted around the world.

Critical thinking can be defined as "finding out how to think better by enhancing one's thinking skills". People who are critical thinkers use the thinking procedure to evaluate, consider, reflect on, and piece together what they have learned or are currently learning. Unfortunately, much of everybody's thinking tends to be prejudiced, imprecise, uncertain, uninformed, or even sexist or racist. Since this ends up being significantly limiting, critical thinking is needed to improve its quality and value.

Exploration of Philosophical ideas and systems. Phenomenology and other topics are covered in this collection of articles. Discussion of Kantian Philosophy; dealing with the categorical imperative, Karl Popper's: Collective Intentionality, as well as theories of David Hume on ideas and imagery and John Stuart Mill's Utilitarianism.

In today's complex business environment, the ability to solve problems systematically and make strategic decisions effectively is more crucial than ever. This comprehensive guide presents a proven seven-step framework that breaks down the science of problem-solving into practical, actionable steps.

Linguist and writer Lorna Gibb will explore the history of these languages, the cultures they belong to, the tales they tell, while offering a glimpse into what we can learn from each of them. From Australia to Finland, from India to the Canary Islands, from Namibia to the United States, from Scotland to Paraguay, the book will guide the reader through contrasting stories of languages under threat and languages in resurgence.

El pensamiento crítico te permite evaluar situaciones de forma clara y racional, ayudándote a comprender las causas subyacentes, cuestionar suposiciones y explorar soluciones. Al aplicar la lógica, estructuras tu proceso de pensamiento, lo que te permite analizar problemas metódicamente y tomar decisiones sólidas y fundamentadas. Este libro te dota de herramientas prácticas para tomar decisiones acertadas con confianza, tanto en tu trabajo como en tu vida personal.

One of our greatest philosophers and scientists of the mind asks where the self comes from - and how our selves can exist in the minds of others. I Am a Strange Loop argues that the key to understanding selves and consciousness is the "strange loop" - a special kind of abstract feedback loop inhabiting our brains. The most central and complex symbol in your brain is the one called "I". The "I" is the nexus in our brain, one of many symbols seeming to have free will and to have gained the paradoxical ability to push particles around, rather than the reverse.

Journeying to the dawn of Homo sapiens, evolutionary biologist Madeleine Beekman reveals the “happy accidents” hidden in our molecular biology that led to one of the most fateful events in the history of life on Earth: our giving birth to babies earlier in their development than our hominid cousins the Neanderthals and Denisovans. Faced with highly dependent infants requiring years of nurturing and protection, early human communities needed to cooperate and coordinate, and it was this unprecedented need for communication that triggered the creation of human language—and changed everything.

25-year veteran executive coach, Dr Martin Kettelhut challenges long-held beliefs about leadership in his groundbreaking book, "Leadership as Relation." Traditionally, we've viewed leaders as inherently different - equipped with unique styles and traits. However, this perspective overlooks a crucial aspect: leadership is not a solo endeavor; it’s a shared, evolving journey. Dr. Kettelhut demonstrates that the crisis in modern leadership - characterized by disconnection, disproportionate responsibility, and corrupt agendas - stems from this outdated individualist viewpoint.

Revisitando tudo o que pensávamos saber sobre linguagem, este livro revolucionário apresenta um ponto de vista totalmente original para explicar o surgimento dessa que talvez seja nossa maior conquista. Uma história tão notável quanto a da origem da vida. Embora suas ramificações alcancem tudo que fazemos, a linguagem é ainda profundamente intrigante. O que há no cérebro humano que a torna possível? Como é que simples sons e gestos podem transmitir significado? Por que não falamos todos a mesma língua?