Host Elizabeth Renieris is joined by Dr. Shannon Vallor, the Baillie Gifford Chair in the Ethics of Data and Artificial Intelligence at the University of Edinburgh's Edinburgh Futures Institute, where she directs the Centre for Technomoral Futures. She is also a professor in philosophy, and her research explores the philosophy and ethics of emerging science and technologies.

Shannon is particularly well known for her work in virtue ethics. In explaining its focus on “the way in which our actions and our habits shape our moral character,” she noted that the principles of virtue ethics resonate across a number of cultures and why the tradition’s emphasis on our daily practices interested her as a way to think about technology.

In addition, Shannon described her use of the term “technomoral” as a way to emphasize, counter to the thesis of technological neutrality, that technology cannot in fact be separated from our values, and vice versa. Elizabeth asked her about the idea of moral debt, as well, specifically as it relates to AI. Shannon discussed how paying attention to ethics at the design stage is one important strategy for limiting this debt but that appropriate regulation, corporate responsibility in deployment, and systems that study how technologies are actually working out in the world are equally critical.

More About Our Guest

A member of the faculty at the University of Edinburgh since 2020, Dr. Shannon Vallor was previously Regis and Dianne McKenna Professor of Philosophy at Santa Clara University. She studies how human character is being transformed by rapid advances in artificial intelligence, robotics, new social media, surveillance, and biomedical technologies.

Shannon is the author of the book Technology and the Virtues: A Philosophical Guide to a Future Worth Wanting and the editor of The Oxford Handbook of Philosophy of Technology, both published by Oxford University Press. Currently the chair of the Scottish government’s Data Delivery Group, she was the winner of the 2015 World Technology Award in Ethics from the World Technology Network.

Links

• Shannon’s Book Technology and the Virtues: A Philosophical Guide to a Future Worth Wanting
• Centre for Technomoral Futures
• Episode Transcript

Host Elizabeth Renieris is joined by Dr. Amana Raquib, an assistant professor of social sciences and liberal arts at the Institute of Business Administration Karachi in Karachi, Pakistan. Amana’s research interests are in religion, philosophy, and ethics, and her publications include the book Islamic Ethics of Technology: An Objectives’ (Maqāṣid) Approach.

Amana explained how the Maqāṣid is a paradigm consisting of several fundamental objectives that early Muslim theologians derived from the Islamic Scriptures, and that from an Islamic perspective, whatever human beings do or don’t do—with respect to technology or anything else—should honor these principles to secure the well-being of all humankind. She contrasted this against what she calls our era of postmodern technology, where innovation and new technologies are often pursued for their own sake, without being guided by any moral tradition.

Amana and Elizabeth also discussed how a goal like efficiency, which is so prominent in the tech space, is viewed in light of the Maqāṣid as well as the relationship between the individual and the collective good in Islam and how we can move away from the notion of new tech as both the means and end of technological advancement.

More About Our Guest

Dr. Amana Raquib, who holds a Ph.D. in religion, philosophy, and ethics from the University of Queensland, has been a faculty member at the Institute of Business Administration Karachi since 2015. Among other courses, she teaches “Are We Becoming Post-Human: Technology, Society, Ethics.”

She recently delivered two talks at the International Conference on Islamic Ethics and AI, including “Developing Human Beneficial AI Using Guidance from Islamic Maqasid.” In 2020, her project “Culturally Informed Pro-Social AI Regulation and Persuasion Framework” received a grant under the Facebook Research Ethics in AI Research Initiative for the Asia Pacific.

Links

• Amana’s Book: Islamic Ethics of Technology: An Objectives’ (Maqāṣid) Approach
• Episode Transcript

Host Elizabeth Renieris is joined by Father Paolo Benanti, Extraordinary Professor of Moral Theology, Bioethics, Neuroethics, and Ethics of Technologies at the Pontifical Gregorian University in Rome. A Franciscan of the Third Order Regular, Fr. Benanti is also a member of the Pontifical Academy for Life (PAV), through which he is involved with what is known as the Rome Call for AI Ethics.

The PAV is the sponsor of the Rome Call for AI Ethics, signed in Rome on February 28, 2020, by the PAV, IBM, Microsoft, the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization, and the Italian government’s Ministry of Innovation. The Rome Call seeks to advance a human-centered approach to AI by mobilizing actors from all parts of society—public and private, profit and nonprofit, and a wide range of cultural and religious traditions.

Here, Fr. Benanti talked about the Rome Call’s efforts to champion a “RenAIssance” in AI, such that concern for the human being is paramount in the design, development, and deployment of artificial intelligence systems, and the document’s promotion of what he and others (including Pope Francis) have termed “algorethics.”

Elizabeth also asked Fr. Benanti about what he’s previously described in his work as the “techno-human condition” and its relationship to tech ethics, prompting him to tell a memorable story about, of all things, an elephant.

More About Our Guest

Fr. Benanti started his academic career in mechanical engineering before entering the Franciscan order and pursuing theology and philosophy. He holds a doctorate in moral theology from the Pontifical Gregorian University and won the university’s Vedovato Award for his dissertation “The Cyborg: Corpo e corporeità nell’epoca del postumano.”

His research focuses on the management of innovation, particularly as it relates to the internet and the impact of the Digital Age, biotechnologies for human improvement and biosecurity, and neuroscience and neurotechnology. Among his many publications is the ebook Homo Faber: The Techno-Human Condition (EDB 2018).

Links

• Rome Call for AI Ethics
• Fr. Benanti’s Book Homo Faber: The Techno-Human Condition
• Episode Transcript