
Probability and Uncertainty
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Richard Feynman focuses on the nature of light and its paradoxical behavior. Feynman uses the "double-slit experiment" to illustrate the bizarre properties of quantum mechanics. He contrasts the expected behavior of classical particles (bullets) and classical waves (water waves) with the observed behavior of electrons and photons. The experiment reveals that while particles behave as lumps, their probability of arrival at a specific point exhibits interference patterns, like waves. This leads to the conclusion that light and electrons exhibit a wave-particle duality, displaying both particle-like and wave-like characteristics simultaneously. Furthermore, Feynman explores the implications of this duality, highlighting the Heisenberg uncertainty principle which states that it is impossible to determine simultaneously both the path an electron takes and its arrival pattern. This uncertainty, he argues, is not due to a lack of knowledge but is inherent to the nature of the universe itself.