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On July 9, 1553, 16 year old Lady Jane Grey learned she would become Queen after King Edward VI named her as his successor. Lady Jane, known as the 'Nine Day Queen', was later abandoned by her Privy Council as they flocked to Mary I's side. She was held in the Tower of London until her execution at 17 years old on February 12, 1554.

Come along with us as we untangle Jane's life from the succession crisis and martyrdom through history and astrology.

Sources:

Books:

• Crown of Blood: The Deadly Inheritance of Lady Jane Grey by Nicola Tallis
• Foxe’s Book of Martyrs: 246. Lady Jane Grey by John Foxe
• A Hidden History of the Tower of London by John Paul Davis
• The House of Dudley by Joanne Paul
• Innocent Traitor by Allison Weir
• Lady Jane Grey by Hester W. Chapman
• Lady Jane Grey: A Tudor Mystery by Eric Ives
• The Literary Remains of Jane Grey with a Memoir of Her Life by Nicholas Harris
• Making Women Martyrs in Tudor England by Megan L. Hickerson

Digital Media:

• England’s Forgotten Queen: The Life and Death of Lady Jane Grey (Amazon Prime)
• The Execution of Lady Jane Grey (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JirVfl8gsj8)
• King & Queens of England 5/8 - The Tudors (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wB0YSvKHYlg)

Primary Sources:

• Ambassades De Messieurs De Noailles En Angleterre, Vol. 2 by René Aubert Vertot
• Annals of England to 1603 by John Stow
• Anonymous Narrative of Dowager Queen Katherine Parr’s Funeral & Burial in the Chapel of Sudeley Castle
• The chronicle of Queen Jane
• The Education of a Christian Woman by Juan Luis Vives
• Jane’s prayerbook (https://blogs.bl.uk/digitisedmanuscripts/2021/02/lady-jane-greys-letters-from-the-tower-of-london.html)
• Letter from John of Ulm to Conrad Pellican, 29 May 1551
• Letter from Ambassadors to Charles V, 10 July 1553
• Letter from Ambassadors to Charles V, 16 August 1553

Websites:

• Astro-seek.com
• Bradgate Park (https://www.bradgatepark.org/)
• Contexts: Women in Power, An Open Companion to British Literature (https://pressbooks.pub/earlybritishlit/chapter/women-in-power-the-tudors/)
• Lady Jane Grey (https://www.tudorsociety.com/lady-jane-grey/)
• Lady Jane Grey: The 'Nine Day Queen' (https://www.hrp.org.uk/tower-of-london/history-and-stories/lady-jane-grey/)
• Lady Jane Grey Reference Guide (https://www.ladyjanegrey.info)
• Syon Park (https://syonpark.co.uk/)

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In 60/61 CE, Boudica and the Iceni people revolted against the Romans in eastern Britain. In her wave of retribution, three cities were razed to the ground, including modern day London. Today she is immortalized as a symbol of warrior's victory in art, literature, and collective memory.

Come along with us as we explore the legendary queen who reacted with rebellion in the face of Roman betrayal through history and astrology.

Sources

Articles:

• “Boudica, Boudicca, Boadicea – What’s in a name?” by Manda Scott (https://mandascott.co.uk/boudica-boudicca-boadicea-whats-in-a-name/)
• The Cultural and Ideological Significance Of Representations of Boudica During the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I by Samantha Frénée-Hutchins

Books:

• Boudica: The Life of Britain’s Legendary Warrior Queen by Vanessa Collingridge
• Boudica: Warrior Woman of Roman Britain by Caitlin C. Gillespie
• Roman Britain: A History from Beginning to End by Henry Freeman
• Roman Britain by History Nerds

Digital Media:

• Nero - The Evil Roman Emperor (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8oWddO2Zs6g)
• Dover's Roman Lighthouse (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_PQvqRznaE)
• The Romans in Britain (Amazon Prime)
• Time Team: Boudicca’s Lost Tribe (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fCiUvQSD_zo)

Primary Sources:

• Annals by Tactius
• Commentarii de Bello Gallico by Julius Caesar
• Geographica by Strabo
• Roman History by Dio Cassius

Websites:

• The Atlantic Religion: A 'Prisca Theologia' of European Paganism (https://tinyurl.com/mnvzydxe)
• Battle of Medway (https://tinyurl.com/44jbykw3)
• Caistor Roman Project
• Colchester Archaeology Trust
• Colchester Heritage Explorer (https://tinyurl.com/56ks478a)
• English Heritage
• The History of London (https://tinyurl.com/4zft5fef)
• Norwich Castle Museum (https://tinyurl.com/bd4mjj94 & https://tinyurl.com/pbsep4be)
• Roman Britain (https://tinyurl.com/377wnepp)
• University of Chicago - Roman Britain (https://tinyurl.com/54dtydk4)
• University of Warwick, Classics & Ancient History -Teaching Resources (https://tinyurl.com/3m6dt9t4)
• Verualium Museum (https://tinyurl.com/ymvsr4wm)

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On November 4, 1846, the infamous Donner Party was snowed in at the base of the Sierra Nevada Mountains. The first group of rescuers would not arrive until February 18, 1847. An unfortunate 35, including Tamsen Donner, would never cross the mountains. Now 179 years later some of the most heartbreaking questions remain unanswered.

Come along with us as we explore the mysteries surrounding Tamsen Donner's death and speak to her endearing legacy through history and astrology.

Sources

Books:

• Desperate Passage: The Donner Party’s Perilous Journey West by Ethan Rarick
• The Expedition of the Donner Party and its Tragic Fate by Eliza P. Donner Houghton
• History of the Donner Party: A Tragedy of the Sierras by Charles F. McGlashan
• Ordeal by Hunger by George R. Stewart
• Searching for Tamsen Donner by Gabrielle Burton

Articles:

• “Differential Mortality and the Donner Party Disaster” by Donald K. Grayson, Evolutionary Anthropology, 1994.
• “Disease Transmission by Cannabalism: Rare Event or Common Occurrence?” by Volker Rudolf and Janis Antonovics. Proceedings: Biological Sciences 274, no. 1614 (2007).
• “John Baptiste Trudeau of the Donner Party: Rascal or Hero?” by Joseph A. King and Jack Steed, California History, Summer 1995.
• “Mary Graves: A Heroine of the Donner Party” by Doris Foley, Nevada County Historical Society Bulletin, July 1954.

Primary Sources:

• Across the Plains in the Donner Party: A Personal Narrative of the Overland Trip to California by Virginia Reed Murphy
• Camp of Death: The Donner Party Mountain Camp 1846-1847 by J. Quinn Thornton
• Diary of James Fraser Reed, July 31-October 4, 1846
• The Expedition of the Donner Party and its Tragic Fate by Eliza P. Donner Houghton
• “Extracts from a Journal, Written by a Member of the Party, Latest from California Mountains” by William O’Fallon, 1847
• “The Snow-Bound, Starved Emigrants of 1846” by James Fraser Reed, April 1, 1871.

Websites:

• astro-seek.com
• Donner Party Diary by Daniel K. Rosen (https://donnerpartydiary.com/)

Recreation of the Forlorn Hope and Relief Parties' Expeditions to save the party trapped in the mountains:

• https://historyexp.org/2020-forlorn-hope/
• https://historyexp.org/expedition-summary-relief-parties-2/

Donner Party Podcast:

• https://www.donnerpartypodcast.com/

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