The eighty-fourth in a series of talks by Swami Nirmalananda Giri (Abbot George Burke) on the Bhagavad Gita, India's most famous scripture: the unforgettable dialog between Sri Krishna and Arjuna about the essence of spiritual life.

In this talk, beginning with Chapter 18:12, Swamiji discusses what is meant by renunciation, and the difference between Sannyasa and Tyaga.

Swamiji opens the 84th Gita Talk by clarifying two vital spiritual terms from the Gita’s final chapter: Sannyasa (renunciation) and Tyaga (relinquishment).

• Sannyasa, often misunderstood as monasticism or physical withdrawal, actually means “casting aside” the egoic grip on the world—not from emotional rejection, but through inner detachment and witness-awareness.

• Tyaga is the letting go of attachment to the fruits of action—doing one’s duty without clinging to outcome.

Swamiji emphasizes that true renunciation is not doing nothing or escaping life—it is performing one’s responsibilities without ego or expectation. The essence of spiritual freedom lies in seeing oneself as the witness, not the doer.

Karma and the Afterlife

Actions bear fruit—desired, undesired, or mixed—even after death. The realms we experience reflect our inner state and karmic seeds. But the sannyasi, unattached and ego-free, rises beyond such cycles and enters pure consciousness.

Five Causes Behind Every Action

Krishna lists five elements at the root of any action:

1. The body

2. The sense of being the doer

3. The senses and their functions

4. The inner processes of perception

5. The Divine Witness—the eternal observer and true Self

Recognizing this fifth element—the Divine—is key to transcending bondage. Life without this realization becomes a cycle of birth, effort, and eventual loss.

Slaying Ignorance, Not People

On the battlefield, Krishna reminds Arjuna that killing done without ego or delusion does not bind one in karma. Spiritually, this symbolizes slaying the inner enemies of ignorance and ego—not people, but the forces of illusion.

Three Types of Knowledge (According to the Gunas)

Swamiji explains Krishna’s teaching on three types of knowledge:

• Sattwic: Sees the One Spirit in all beings—liberating and luminous.

• Rajasic: Sees separateness and division—drives attachment and conflict.

• Tamasic: Clings to a fragment as if it were the whole—leads to delusion, stagnation, and narrow dogmatism.

Swamiji critiques the rigid, limited mindset that says “this one belief is all you need”—whether it’s karma, heaven, vegetarianism, or a doctrinal slogan. True wisdom is expansive, inclusive, and always evolving.

Final Insight

Spiritual growth is not about latching onto a single idea, but about seeing the vast unity behind the many, acting without ego, and living from the level of the eternal witness Self.